Cold temperatures can be hazardous to children's health. They should be closely monitored to ensure they are not being put at risk for life-threatening conditions, such as frostbite and hypothermia.
Frostbite occurs when a portion of the body has been exposed to the cold temperatures for too long and the body tissue freezes. The onset of frostbite solely depends on the exposure time and temperature. Frostbite begins with a feeling of very cold and/or numb skin. Eventually, the exposed skin turns to a grayish-yellow color then to reddish-violet and black.
If a parent thinks their child may have frostbite, they should avoid rubbing the skin or putting it under hot water. The frozen cells in the skin tissue are crystallized and rubbing could cause more damage, and burns from hot water may occur before one has regained feeling. Instead, warm the frozen body part quickly with blankets or with lukewarm water. Once the body part has thawed, very gently exercise the part with mild movement. If the frostbite has occurred on the feet, avoid walking until they have fully recovered.
Hypothermia is a condition that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. Symptoms range from shivering to being incoherent and lethargic. Wind chill and wet weather conditions have a dramatic effect on the severity of hypothermia. Here are some simple ways parents can protect their child from this life-threatening condition:
- Dress the child in layers of dry clothing using wool blend or cotton material close to the skin and a waterproof layer on top.
- Keep the child's head covered; they can lose 30-50% of their body heat through their head. Also keep their hands, feet and face covered especially in windy conditions.
- If their clothes get wet, replace them with new, dry clothes.
- Make sure they come in from the cold often to warm up.
- Provide warm, caffeine-free liquids for the child. It is critical to avoid caffeine because it increases blood flow, carrying blood from cold extremities to the body's core.
If a parent suspects their child has frostbite or hypothermia, they should seek medical attention immediately to ensure there is no internal damage to the child's body.
With these simple recommendations, Kansas children will enjoy a safe, fun winter.
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The SCDRB is a multi-disciplinary, multi-agency board that examines the circumstances surrounding the deaths of all Kansas children (birth through 17 years-of-age) and children who are not Kansas residents, but who die in the state. The goals of the SCDRB are to describe the trends and patterns of child deaths in Kansas , to develop prevention strategies, and to improve sources of data and communication among agencies. The Board works toward lowering child deaths in Kansas through research, education, and legislation.
For additional information, contact Angela Nordhus, Executive Director, at (785) 296-7970.